{"id":31983,"date":"2022-06-29T14:44:53","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T14:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caseyfamilyv2.wpengine.com\/group-placement-impacts\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T23:34:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T23:34:56","slug":"impactos-de-la-colocacion-en-grupos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/es\/group-placement-impacts\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los resultados para los j\u00f3venes ubicados en entornos grupales e institucionales?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<p><em>This brief examines the negative experiences of youth in institutional settings and provides resources to help jurisdictions transition to family-based care.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"qff_disclaimer align wp-block-disclaimer content-section\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-0 md:px-5\">\n <div class=\"qff_disclaimer__wrapper text-salt-box text-xs font-sofiapro border-t-2 border-spring-wood\">\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Group and institutional placements<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> are costly on many levels. They generally <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aecf.org\/blog\/reducing-congregate-care-worth-the-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">produce poorer outcomes<\/span><\/a> for youth than family-based settings, pose roadblocks to the timely achievement of permanency, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrensrights.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/CR-Families-Over-Facilities-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">cost up to 10 times more<\/span><\/a> than placement with a family. A <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.website-files.com\/60a6942819ce8053cefd0947\/60f6b1eba474362514093f96_Away%20From%20Home%20-%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">breakthrough 2021 report<\/span><\/a> focused on young people\u2019s direct experiences of group and institutional placement concluded that these settings often fail to offer consistent caring relationships and frequently are experienced as punitive, prison-like, and traumatic.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Over the past 10 years, the child welfare field has seen a 35% reduction in the number of youth living in group and institutional placements nationwide, with decreases in nearly every state.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> While this is encouraging, <span class=\"s2\"><b>any amount of time that a young person spends in an institutional placement is too long<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">More than two-thirds (68%) of the young people in group placements are between the ages of 14 and 17<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/cb\/cbcongregatecare_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">63% are male<\/span><\/a>. Black, multiracial, and American Indian\/Alaska Native youth <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrensrights.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/imported-files\/CR-Families-Over-Facilities-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">continue to be overrepresented<\/span><\/a> in group and institutional settings. Therefore, ending the need for group and institutional placements is a key strategy for reducing disproportionate harm to young people of color in the child welfare system.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">While short-term, clinically indicated mental and behavioral health treatment may need to be provided in group or institutional settings, federal policy stipulates that those settings be time-limited, <span class=\"s2\"><b>trauma-informed, judicially reviewed, and focused on engaging the young person\u2019s family during and after treatment<\/b><\/span>, with the goal being a swift return to family and community life. For more information, see: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/implementing-qrtp-requirements\/\"><span class=\"s1\"><i>How are some child protection agencies attending to Qualified Residential Treatment Program requirements?<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The remainder of this brief summarizes research on the experiences and outcomes of youth placed in group or institutional settings, and includes resources to support jurisdictions in reducing or eliminating their reliance on these settings.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Impacts of group or institutional placement<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">All young people need <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pubs\/journals\/features\/ort-0000005.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">consistent, nurturing adults<\/span><\/a> in their lives in order to form healthy attachments and develop positive social and emotional skills. There is a role for high-quality specialized institutional treatment services<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> \u2014 such as those offered through <a href=\"https:\/\/nacbh.memberclicks.net\/assets\/docs\/PPC\/What%20is%20a%20QRTP.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Qualified Residential Treatment Programs<\/span> <\/a>(QRTPs) or through the behavioral health system \u2014 but that role is limited, and the duration a young person spends in such settings must be short term. It is important to note that young people also can receive effective behavioral treatment in family-like settings through therapeutic foster care, wraparound services, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/nj-mobile-response-stabilization-services\/\"><span class=\"s1\">mobile crisis services<\/span><\/a>.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Research demonstrating effectiveness of group and institutional placement on youth is limited. While modest short-term benefits have been identified in a few instances,<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> effects do not appear to be sustained.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> Overall, research indicates that youth who experience group placements:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Have higher re-entry rates after exiting to reunification than youth in other types of out-of-home care settings.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Are almost 2.5 times more likely than their peers in foster care to become delinquent.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Have poorer educational outcomes than youth in family foster care, including lower test scores in basic English and math.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Are less likely to graduate high school, when compared to youth in family foster care.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Are at risk of physical abuse when they are placed in group settings.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Are less likely to achieve permanency than those raised in non-relative foster families.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lack opportunities to develop critical life skills and positive relationships.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Experience group or institutional placements as prison-like, punitive and traumatic.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Alternatively, according to an extensive research review<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a>, when compared to children and youth who have been placed in group or institutional settings, those placed in family foster homes:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Have fewer placements.<\/li>\n<li>Spend less time in out-of-home care.<\/li>\n<li>Are less likely to be re-abused.<\/li>\n<li>Are more likely to be placed near their community of origin.<\/li>\n<li>Are more likely to be placed with their siblings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Research that supports ending the need for group placement<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p class=\"p1\">The following research underscores the negative impacts of group and institutional placements:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Think of Us. (2021). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkof-us.org\/case-studies\/away-from-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s2\">Away From Home: Youth Experiences of Institutional Placements in Foster Care<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This breakthrough qualitative research report provides a detailed examination and understanding of the lived experience of young people who have recently lived in institutional placements \u2014 much of it told from their perspectives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">American Orthopsychiatric Association. (2014). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pubs\/journals\/features\/ort-0000005.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s2\">Consensus Statement on Group Care for Children and Adolescents: A Statement of Policy of the American Orthopsychiatric Association<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This consensus statement of a group of internationally recognized researchers provides 10 reasons why group and institutional settings can be detrimental to the well-being of young people, and includes the research base for each.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">State Policy Advocacy and Reform Center. (2013). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/childwelfaresparc.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/07\/therapeutic-foster-care-exceptional-care-for-complex-trauma-impacted-youth-in-foster-care.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s2\">Therapeutic Foster Care: Exceptional Care for Complex, Trauma-Impacted Youth in Foster Care<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This report describes therapeutic (treatment) foster care, and compares it to traditional foster care and residential treatment (p. 2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Barth, R. (2002). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ahum.assembly.ca.gov\/sites\/ahum.assembly.ca.gov\/files\/hearings\/062811-BarthInstitutionsvFosterHomes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s2\">Institutions vs. Foster Homes: The Empirical Base for a Century of Action<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This formative report looks at four outcome areas for youth in group or institutional settings: safety and well-being; permanency\/re-entry; long-term successes of children; and costs of out-of-home care. It includes an insightful comparison of how young people in different out-of-home care settings perceive their care (p. 4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Guides and strategies for action<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The following resources offer strategies for child welfare leaders interested in reducing their reliance on group and institutional placements. For a detailed overview of strategies and jurisdictional examples, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/ending-need-for-group-placements\/\"><span class=\"s1\"><i>Ending the Need for Group Placements<\/i><\/span><\/a>, as well as Casey Family Programs briefs focused on efforts to reduce or eliminate group and institutional placements in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/new-jersey-reduce-congregate-care\/\"><span class=\"s1\">New Jersey<\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/virginia-reduce-congregate-care\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Virginia.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong>Children\u2019s Rights. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrensrights.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/CR-Families-Over-Facilities-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">Families Over Facilities<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This toolkit is adaptable for any jurisdiction that seeks to eliminate unnecessary group and institutional placements. The strategies center around the following three goals: prevention of entry into care; increasing the use of kin placements; and decreasing the population currently placed in group and institutional placements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Capacity Building Center for States. (2017). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stockton.edu\/child-welfare-education-institute\/bcwep\/documents\/child-welfare-course\/working_with_child_and_youth_with_complex_clinical_needs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s2\">Working with Children and Youth with Complex Clinical Needs: Strategies in the Safe Reduction of Congregate Care<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This guide highlights an array of evidence-based practices, promising practices, and strategies to safely reduce the use of group and institutional placements, and to help child welfare administrators, supervisors, workers, and private agencies limit those placements appropriately. The report includes an assessment to assist child welfare agencies conduct a systematic review of their policies and practices and identify areas for improvement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Chapin Hall &amp; Chadwick Center. (2016). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chapinhall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/effective_reduction_of_congregate_care_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s2\">Using Evidence to Accelerate the Safe and Effective Reduction of Congregate Care for Youth Involved with Child Welfare<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This research review examines federal and state policies as well as clinical guidelines, and suggests that group and institutional settings should be used only as a short-term treatment alternative to address complex, acute mental health problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong>Southern Area Consortium of Human Services. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/theacademy.sdsu.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/alternatives-congregate-care-feb-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">Literature Review: Alternatives to Congregate Care<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This literature review highlights a range of alternative strategies to group and institutional placements, including: evidence-based behavioral health interventions; services and supports for home-based caregivers; foster family recruitment, support, and retention; treatment foster care; time-limited placements; and systems reform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading p1\"><strong>Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2009). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aecf.org\/resources\/rightsizing-congregate-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">Rightsizing Congregate Care<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This report explores key levers of change that promote the rightsizing of group and institutional settings. It includes an in-depth look at how five jurisdictions used those levers of change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"qff_disclaimer align wp-block-disclaimer content-section\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-0 md:px-5\">\n <div class=\"qff_disclaimer__wrapper text-salt-box text-xs font-sofiapro border-t-2 border-spring-wood\">\n <p>Casey Family Programs consults with individuals and teams across the country to compile research, experiences, and insights about approaches that can safely reduce the need for foster care and ensure the well-being of children and families. We share this information broadly to help child welfare leaders and their partners tackle similar issues in their own communities. For questions about this resource, or if you have other child welfare information needs, please email <a href=\"mailto:kmresources@casey.org\">kmresources@casey.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"footnotes\" class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:2px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"footnote wp-block-footnote\">\n  <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5 text-3xs text-black-currant\">\n    <p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1 note\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 note\">1 Consistent with federal definitions and guidance for the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis &amp; Reporting System (AFCARS), the term \u201cgroup and institutional placements\u201d refers to non-family based placements that house young people in large, medium, or small congregate settings, including emergency shelters, group homes, institutions, and residential treatment facilities, centers, campuses and cottages with 24-hour shift care or house parents. \u201cGroup homes\u201d are defined as placement settings that house 12 or fewer youth, while an \u201cinstitution\u201d is defined as housing more than 12. For additional information, see: <span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/cb\/afcars_elements_definitions.pdf\">www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/cb\/afcars_elements_definitions.pdf<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/cwpm\/public_html\/programs\/cb\/laws_policies\/laws\/cwpm\/policy_dsp.jsp?citID=150\">www.acf.hhs.gov\/cwpm\/public_html\/programs\/cb\/laws_policies\/laws\/cwpm\/policy_dsp.jsp?citID=150<\/a><\/span>.<br \/>\n2 Public AFCARS data obtained from the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect Data at Cornell University.<br \/>\n3 Pecora, P. J., &amp; English, D. J. (2016). Elements of effective practice for children and youth served by therapeutic residential care. p. 2. Retrieved from: <a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Group-Care-complete.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Group-Care-complete.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<br \/>\n4 Lee, B. R., &amp; Thompson, R. (2008). Comparing outcomes for youth in treatment foster care and family-style group care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(7), 746\u2013757. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.12.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.12.002<\/span><\/a>.<br \/>\n5 De Swart, J. J. W., Van den Broek, H., Stams, G. J. J. M., Asscher, J. J., Van der Laan, P. H., Holsbrink-Engels, G. A., Van den Helm, G. H. P. (2012). The effectiveness of institutional youth care over the past three decades: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Service Review, 34, 1818\u20131824.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"><br \/>\n<\/span>6 Barth, R. P. (2002). Institutions vs. foster homes: The empirical base for the second century of debate. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/bettercarenetwork.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Institutions%20vs%20Foster%20Homes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/bettercarenetwork.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Institutions%20vs%20Foster%20Homes.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"><br \/>\n<\/span>7 Ryan, J. P., Marshall, J. M., Herz, D., &amp; Hernandez, P. M. (2008). Juvenile delinquency in child welfare: Investigating group home effects. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1088-1099. Retrieved from: <span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.02.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.02.004<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span>8 Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2015). Every kid needs a family: Giving children in the child welfare system the best chance for success. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aecf.org\/resources\/every-kid-needs-a-family\">https:\/\/www.aecf.org\/resources\/every-kid-needs-a-family<\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"><br \/>\n<\/span>9 Ibid.<br \/>\n10 Ibid.<br \/>\n11 Children\u2019s Rights. (2021). Families over facilities: Ending the use of harmful and unnecessary institutions and other group facilities in child welfare systems.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrensrights.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/CR-Families-Over-Facilities-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.childrensrights.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/CR-Families-Over-Facilities-Report.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<br \/>\n12 Think of Us. (2021). Away From Home Youth Experiences of Institutional Placements in Foster Care. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkof-us.org\/case-studies\/away-from-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.thinkof-us.org\/case-studies\/away-from-home<\/span><\/a>.<br \/>\n13 Ibid.<br \/>\n14 Barth, R. P. (2002). Institutions vs. foster homes: The empirical base for the second century of debate. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/bettercarenetwork.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Institutions%20vs%20Foster%20Homes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/bettercarenetwork.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Institutions%20vs%20Foster%20Homes.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><script>\nvar 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