{"id":32022,"date":"2026-08-14T07:48:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T07:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caseyfamilyv2.wpengine.com\/start-program\/"},"modified":"2026-08-25T15:21:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T15:21:07","slug":"iniciar-programa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/es\/start-program\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el modelo nacional START (Equipos de Sobriedad, Tratamiento y Recuperaci\u00f3n)?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block back-warm-ceramic constrained-width margin-top margin-bottom padding-top padding-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p>This brief was developed in partnership with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cffutures.org\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Children and Family Futures<\/span><\/a>. For additional information about substance use disorder and child welfare, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casey.org\/topics\/substance-use-disorder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\">Casey Family Programs resources<span class=\"sr-only\">(opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> on the topic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Families affected by substance use disorders and involved in the child welfare system face a variety of complex challenges. Children of parents with a substance use disorder are more likely to be removed from parental care, less likely to be reunified, and experience lengthier out-of-home placements and delayed permanency.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<\/sup><a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<\/sup><a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">This brief provides an overview of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cffutures.org\/start\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams (START)<\/span><span class=\"sr-only\">(opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> program \u2014 an evidence-based child welfare service delivery model for families that is aimed at keeping children safely with their parent(s) whenever possible through achieving parental sobriety and recovery, and family stability.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>The START model<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">START pairs a child welfare worker and a family mentor to support families identified during a child protection assessment or investigation as needing ongoing services associated with parental substance use. (The model refers to the pairing as a dyad.) When implemented with fidelity, START has shown improved outcomes for children and families. The model uses a variety of strategies \u2014 early identification of eligible families, rapid access to services, peer supports, intensive case management \u2014 to promote collaboration and systems-level change within and between child welfare agencies, substance use and mental health disorder treatment providers, the judicial system, and other family-serving entities.<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The goals of START are to:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ensure child safety and well-being.<\/li>\n<li>Prevent and\/or decrease out-of-home placements.<\/li>\n<li>Increase parental recovery.<\/li>\n<li>Increase parenting capacity and family stability.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce repeat child maltreatment.<\/li>\n<li>Improve system capacity for collaborative, timely, and targeted services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p>At the heart of the START model is the spirit of engaging families with compassion, understanding, equity, and hope for recovery. This philosophy is woven throughout \u2014 from supporting and holding each other accountable as a collaborative team, to empowering each member of the family unit.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>START received a rating of \u201cSupported\u201d from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/preventionservices.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/370\/show\">Title IV-E Prevention Services Clearinghouse<\/a>\u00a0in May 2022. The rating represents that START meets the criteria of having at least one study that achieved moderate or high ratings on research design and execution, and that it demonstrates favorable effects on child abuse and neglect outcomes. START is rated under two identified service areas: 1) Substance Abuse Programs and Services, and 2) In-home Parent Skills-based Programs and Services.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Peer support<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">To form the START dyad, a caseworker is paired with a family mentor \u2014 an individual in long-term recovery who has lived experience with the child welfare system. Family mentors bring a unique and invaluable skill set by virtue of their recovery experience and willingness to share it with families and other team members. The mentors serve as both advocate and role model \u2014 a personification of hope and inspiration, a living example of recovery.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Outcomes<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">START has undergone rigorous evaluation described in at least a dozen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cffutures.org\/start-outcomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">peer-reviewed publications<\/span><\/a>. Outcomes from this collective body of evidence show that when implemented with fidelity:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Children whose families were served through START entered out-of-home placement at half the rate of children from a matched comparison group (21% vs. 42%).<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>At case closure, more than 75% of children whose families were served through START remained with or reunified with their parent(s).<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mothers in START had higher rates of sobriety and early recovery than a matched comparison group (66% vs. 37%).<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>At 12 months post-intervention, more children whose families were served in START remained free from both out-of-home placement and recurrence of maltreatment as compared to children whose parents received usual child welfare services (68.5% vs. 56%).<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>At 12 months post-intervention, more Black children whose families were served in START remained free of out-of-home placement and child abuse and neglect than Black children whose parents were served in treatment as usual (80.6% vs. 56%).<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parents in START who received medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) retained child custody at a higher rate than those with opioid use who did not receive MOUD (75% vs. 52%) and had improved family functioning. Every additional month of medication increased the likelihood of children remaining with their parents at the end of the case by 10%.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>10,11<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li>For every dollar spent on START, jurisdictions saved an estimated $2.22 on costs associated with out-of-home placement.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Jurisdictions also benefit from structural and practice improvements throughout the course of START implementation, such as:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quick access to substance use disorder treatment services.<\/li>\n<li>More parents entering and staying in treatment.<\/li>\n<li>Improved collaboration with community treatment providers.<\/li>\n<li>Fewer children entering out-of-home care.<\/li>\n<li>Workforce skilled in engaging and supporting families affected by substance use disorders.<\/li>\n<li>Applying the spirit of START \u2014 engaging families with compassion, understanding, and hope \u2014 to all families served through the system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Essential components<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Replication of an evidence-based model requires having a well-defined structure and high standards of practice. START divides its 11 essential components into two fidelity categories: structural and practice.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Structural fidelity<\/b><\/span> refers to the infrastructure and organizational foundation of the model, which are fundamental and must be in place to provide a framework for implementation. They include:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An effort that is <span class=\"s2\"><b>initiated by and based in child welfare <\/b><\/span>for families affected by both parental substance use and child maltreatment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strong collaborative partnerships with treatment providers <\/strong>for substance use and co-occurring mental health disorders, and other family-serving entities to develop a coordinated system of care.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"s2\"><b>Family mentors<\/b><\/span> who are in long-term recovery from a substance use disorder with experiences that sensitize them to child welfare.<\/li>\n<li>A family mentor paired with a child welfare worker to form the <span class=\"s2\"><b>START dyad<\/b><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"s2\"><b>Continuous quality improvement<\/b><\/span>, guided by program evaluation data.<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Practice fidelity<\/b><\/span> refers to services provided to children and families within START. They include:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A <span class=\"s2\"><b>rapid timeline<\/b><\/span> that ensures early identification of eligible families after the initial child welfare report, and quick access to and early retention in substance use disorder and co-occurring mental health services.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"s2\"><b>Minimum work guidelines<\/b><\/span> \u2014 met by all START child welfare staff \u2014 that represent a more intensive approach to service delivery than traditional child welfare practice.<\/li>\n<li>Current <span class=\"s2\"><b>best practices and evidence-supported interventions<\/b><\/span> used by all treatment providers for substance use disorder and co-occurring mental health and trauma treatment.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"s2\"><b>Shared decision-making<\/b><\/span> with families, child welfare staff, and service providers.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"s2\"><b>Keeping children safely with their parents or family <\/b><\/span>whenever possible or facilitating reunification as quickly as possible once parental recovery is stable and safety factors have been remediated.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>family-centered approach<\/strong>, focusing on the entire family promoting and nurturing the parent-child relationship, and improving parenting capacity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n   <h2>Implementation considerations and examples<\/h2>\n  \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p>START has been replicated and scaled for effective implementation in rural and urban, public and privatized, and state- and county-administered child welfare systems (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cffutures.org\/start-affiliates\/\">This link<\/a>\u00a0shows current operational sites, the number and location of state and local affiliates, and certified affiliates.) While Kentucky currently is the only affiliate with published impact studies, other affiliates are beginning to see preliminary outcomes, such as fewer children entering out-of-home care, improved collaboration with treatment providers, more rapid access to services, better reunification rates, and increased workforce skill in engaging families.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0As START is a complex, collaborative model, implementation requires a commitment to a dedicated multi-year, cross-system effort. This effort begins with readiness and feasibility planning, followed by standardized training and individualized technical assistance necessary for START implementation and certification.<\/p>\n<p>Affiliates of the National START Model are state and local jurisdictions that are certified or are engaging in technical assistance with a commitment to reach fidelity to the model. Affiliates have access to START proprietary materials, such as the START name, logo, manual, training, and guidance documents. Certified affiliates have reached full fidelity and met all requirements of a three-step certification review. Some states with multiple local jurisdictions also request training and technical assistance to develop their own infrastructure \u2014 once all requirements are met, they may become Certified State Infrastructure START Affiliates. Affiliates in Kansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Ohio offer examples of effective implementation of START, along with unique considerations. All four states have added START to their <a href=\"https:\/\/acf.gov\/cb\/title-iv-e-prevention-program-five-year-prevention-plans\">Title IV-E Prevention Services 5-year plans<\/a>, and three are currently drawing down federal funding for START.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading p5\"><b>Kansas<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p>Since 2019, START has been implemented in four regions \u2013 Kansas City, Wichita, Topeka, and Pittsburg \u2013 totaling 22 counties. A private nonprofit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dccca.org\/\">DCCCA<\/a>, that provides both family preservation and substance use disorder treatment services contracts with the state to provide START to eligible families that state caseworkers refer for in-home child welfare services. The initial contract required quickly launching services \u2013 subsequent training and technical assistance has focused on shifting to fidelity in practice. Kansas operates a state-administered, privatized child welfare system, which can result in complex barriers to fidelity. For example, DCCCA has multiple types of state contracts, and in one, START families are transferred to another agency for services if a child removal occurs. Discussion is ongoing to resolve this barrier. Although it is too early for an impact evaluation, DCCCA is participating in a federally-funded cross-site evaluation of START called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abtglobal.com\/projects\/replication-of-recovery-and-reunification-interventions-for-families-impact-study-r3\">Replication of Recovery Reunification Interventions for Families<\/a> (R3) and has reported that START has successfully diverted many participating families from out-of-home care.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"className\":\"p5\"} --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading p5\"><b>Kentucky<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p>START currently is available in seven counties in Kentucky, which is a state-administered child welfare system. State-employed supervisors and child welfare caseworkers team with family mentors employed by the University of Kentucky, with contracted START directors reporting to state child welfare leadership and overseeing local model implementation. As Kentucky is the original site of replication, adaptation, standardization, and rigorous outcome evaluation, the state selected counties with populations large enough for up to four dyads per team, funding them through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), state general funds, and Title IV-E Prevention Services dollars. While the counties involved in the original launch reached full fidelity, staffing shortages have slowed efforts to reach fidelity in expansion counties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"className\":\"p5\"} --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading p5\"><b>North Carolina<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p>Buncombe county in North Carolina has implemented START since 2017 within a state-supervised, county-administered child welfare system. Training and technical assistance was originally provided to support a team of three dyads using county funds. But as a result of a Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) grant, the county expanded START to two supervisors and five dyads, with a mix of state and county funds. The county\u2019s established family-centered and shared decision-making practice, plus the availability of a full array of substance use disorder treatment resources, allowed for faster attainment of full implementation despite staffing shortages. Based on this county\u2019s success and advocacy, the state has expanded START to six additional counties using American Rescue Plan Act funds, and plans to continue expanding using Title IV-E prevention services dollars.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><b>Ohio<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1\"} --><\/p>\n<p>Ohio operates a state-supervised, county-administered child welfare system. With support from state leadership, Ohio supported a rapid expansion of START to the current 56 of 88 counties across the state. Many of the counties participating in Ohio START have entered into memoranda of understanding with their community treatment partners to support collaborative efforts, such as expediting access to substance use and mental health disorder assessment and entry into treatment. The program also encourages county child welfare agencies to partner with their local courts and community providers.<\/p>\n<p>The state has allocated funds to each county from sources such as VOCA grants, State Opioid Response (SOR) grants, state general funds, and Title IV-E prevention services funds from which counties then create their own budgets. Most counties began with one dyad; many are expanding to two or more based on need. Counties with established leadership, a history of adopting evidence-based programs, and well-resourced communities move more quickly to full fidelity. To date, Ohio START has served over 1,700 families and is conducting a rigorous impact study while also participating in the R3 study.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p>Click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cffutures.org\/start-affiliation-pathway\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\">here<span class=\"sr-only\">(opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> for more details on the National START Model Affiliation Pathway, or for more information about START, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cffutures.org\/start-contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\">submit an inquiry<span class=\"sr-only\">(opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> or email <a href=\"mailto:START@cffutures.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\">START@cffutures.org<span class=\"sr-only\">(opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><p><strong>Editor\u2019s note:<\/strong> <em>Jurisdictional information presented in this brief was updated August 2026. Previous versions of this brief were published in 2023 and 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n <!-- conversly to above, we need to not show the CTA here if it's the Head Section style -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"qff_disclaimer align wp-block-disclaimer content-section\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-0 md:px-5\">\n <div class=\"qff_disclaimer__wrapper text-salt-box text-xs font-sofiapro border-t-2 border-spring-wood\">\n <p>Casey Family Programs consults with individuals and teams across the country to compile research, experiences, and insights about approaches that can safely reduce the need for foster care and ensure the well-being of children and families. We share this information broadly to help child welfare leaders and their partners tackle similar issues in their own communities. For questions about this resource, or if you have other child welfare information needs, please email <a href=\"mailto:kmresources@casey.org\">kmresources@casey.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"footnotes\" class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:2px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"footnote wp-block-footnote\">\n  <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5 text-3xs text-black-currant\">\n    <p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"p1 note\"} --><\/p>\n<p>1 Kaplan, C., Schene, P., DePanfilis, D., &amp; Gilmore, D., (2009). Shining light on chronic neglect. <em>Protecting Children, 24<\/em>, 1-7.<\/p>\n<p>2 Gregoire, K.A. &amp; Schultz, D.J. (2001). Substance-abusing and child welfare parents: Treatment and child placement outcomes. <em>Child Welfare, 80<\/em>, 433-452.<\/p>\n<p>3 Brook, J., &amp; McDonald, T. (2010). The impact of parental substance abuse on the stability of family reunifications from foster care. Child and Youth Services Review, 31, 193-198. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.07.010\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.07.010<\/a><\/p>\n<p>4 National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare. (n.d.). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opioidlibrary.org\/files\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/peer19_brief.pdf\">The Use of Peers and Recovery Specialists in Child Welfare Settings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>5 Huebner, R. A., Willauer, T., &amp; Posze, L. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1606\/1044-3894.4223\">The impact of sobriety treatment and recovery teams (START) on family outcomes<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 93<\/em>(3), 196-203.<\/p>\n<p>6 Huebner, R. A., Willauer, T., &amp; Posze, L. (2012).<\/p>\n<p>7 Huebner, R. A., Willauer, T., &amp; Posze, L. (2012).<\/p>\n<p>8 Huebner, R. A., Hall, M. T., Walton, M. T., Smead, E., Willauer, T., &amp; Posze, L. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105260\">The Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams program for families with parental substance use: Comparison of child welfare outcomes through 12 months post-intervention<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Child Abuse and Neglect, 120<\/em>, 105260.<\/p>\n<p>9 Huebner, R.A., Willauer, T., Hall, M. T., Smead, E., Poole, V., Hibbeler, P.G., &amp; Posze, L. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsatjournal.com\/article\/S0740-5472(21)00289-0\/fulltext\">Comparative outcomes for Black children served by the Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams program for child welfare families with parental substance abuse and child maltreatment<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.<\/em>\u00a0108563.<\/p>\n<p>10 Hall, M. T., Wilfong, J., Huebner, R. A., Posze, L., &amp; Willauer, T. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.09.006\">Medication-assisted treatment improves child permanency outcomes for opioid-using families in the child welfare system<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 71<\/em>, 63-67.<\/p>\n<p>11 Hall, M.T., Hardy, G.C., Brooks, A.J., Winters, A. (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10775595261453528\">Associations between medication for opioid use disorder and family functioning in child welfare-involved families<\/a>. Child Maltreatment.<\/p>\n<p>12 Huebner, R. A., Willauer, T., &amp; Posze, L. (2012).<\/p>\n<p>13 Content of this section was informed by communication with Public Child Services Association of Ohio (PCSAO). (2026, February 24) and PCSAO presentation at the National START Learning Collaborative (2022, July 15).<\/p>\n<p>14 Content of this section was informed by communication with DCCCA on May 20, 2026.<\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"content-section light fresh-text single wp-block-fresh-text backgrounds-and-margins-aware-block margin-top margin-bottom\">\n <div class=\"container mx-auto px-5\">\n\n \n \n <!-- The CTA is moved up next to the title when in the Head Section style -->\n \n  <div class=\"callout\"><script>\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof 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